Why Was the Law Guide Needed?
Laws, which are written rules that arise from legislative activities and are mandatory to follow, are among the most important tools for maintaining social order. However, they are often insufficiently known and understood by the general public. The main reasons for this include the large number of laws, the fact that they are mostly comprehensive texts containing legal terminology, and that they generally include detailed regulations on technical matters. Read more

What Does the Law Guide Contain?
The Law Guide, prepared entirely in a digital environment with artificial intelligence support, is not a set of principles or a collection of laws. In fact, due to its publication format and purpose, it is not possible for it to cover all laws currently in force. The database contains only a limited number of laws deemed suitable for publication in guide format by the Production and Publication Team, and these are intended to be made available for use periodically and in a specific order as service conditions allow. Read more

Characteristics of Written Legal Rules
Written legal rules are legal texts prepared and enacted by authorised rule-makers to ensure social order and justice. These rules can take various forms, such as laws, decrees, regulations, and circulars. For written legal rules to be understood by a broad segment of society and correctly applied, they must possess certain qualities and be drafted in accordance with the principles of legal technique. Read more

What is Law?
In this article, we will briefly discuss the concept of law. It is assumed that the word for law/statute, which we use today, passed into our language from Arabic, and originally from the Ancient Greek word ‘kanon’, meaning ‘rule’. While law in a broad sense is described as rules that must be followed in social life or within a particular field of science, in the field of legal science, a statute is defined as binding rules enacted by the legislator in order to preserve social order and regulate relations between individuals. Read more

How Are Laws Made?
The law-making process is an important indicator of the legal and political structure of states. In Turkiye, bills are passed by the Grand National Assembly of Turkiye, enacted into law, and promulgated by the President to enter into force. The President may return laws to the Assembly for reconsideration. If these laws are passed again by an absolute majority of the Assembly members, the President is obliged to promulgate them. The constitutionality of laws may be reviewed by the Constitutional Court. Read more

Law Drafting Technique
Law drafting technique includes the methods that must be followed to prepare clear and applicable legal texts. Although there is no binding legislation on this subject in our country, the Guidelines for Preparing Draft Legislation published by the Presidency of the Grand National Assembly of Turkiye in 2019 and the Legislative Handbook published in 2022 are the main sources in this field. According to these regulations, law proposals submitted to the Grand National Assembly of Turkiye must be structured in a specific manner and contain various divisions such as books, parts, sections, and articles. Read more

Types of Laws
In this article, we will discuss the types of laws and the differences between them. Although it is possible to classify laws according to various criteria such as their content, method of enactment, duration of validity, and legal effects, we have chosen to classify them as follows in order to provide a comprehensive overview of the subject. Constituent Laws: These are laws that determine the fundamental structure of the state and the basic rights and freedoms of individuals, and are at the top of the hierarchy of norms. Fundamental Laws: These are comprehensive laws that regulate all rules in a specific area. Read more

Comparison of the Number of Laws Enacted in Turkiye by Period
In order to assess the number of laws enacted since the proclamation of the Republic and the performance of the Parliament in this regard, it is necessary to compare the number of laws enacted by legislative period and by year. Examination of published data shows that from 24 April 1920, when the Assembly enacted its first law, to the end of 2024 a period of approximately 105-years a total of 15,140 laws were enacted. Of these, 7,480 were enacted during the 40-year period between 1920 and 1960, which consisted of 11 legislative terms. Read more

Legality Criteria
Laws are written legal rules enacted by the legislator to preserve social order and regulate relations between individuals, and they are binding. Criteria of conformity with the law are systematic standards subsequently developed to determine the applicability and legal limits of laws. For laws to be implemented without error, these criteria must be well understood by practitioners. The criteria of conformity with the law indicate whether a particular behaviour, transaction, or activity is acceptable within the legal framework. Read more

Artificial Intelligence and Law
While artificial intelligence (AI) has been revolutionising many fields such as healthcare, education, and finance, it has also been leading significant transformations in the field of law. Considering its analytical ability to cope with the complexity of the legal system and its vast body of rules, AI’s potential in this field is remarkable. The most notable contribution of AI applications in the legal field will undoubtedly be the improvement of efficiency in legal processes. For example, AI can quickly and reliably analyse complex and voluminous legal texts, identify relationships among them, and thus enable legal research to be conducted faster and more accurately. Read more

Can Artificial Intelligence Facilitate the Understanding and Application of Written Legal Rules?
Law is a system that exists to ensure social order and justice, and written legal rules such as laws, statutes, regulations, and circulars, which are the cornerstones of this system, play an important role in guiding the behaviour of individuals and communities and ensuring social order. However, the language and methods used in creating these regulatory rules sometimes make them so difficult for the general public to understand that this inevitably prevents the rules in question from being fully and correctly applied and achieving their objectives. Read more

Determining Legal Compliance Criteria through Artificial Intelligence
The correct application of laws and the effective supervision of legal practices are of critical importance for the functioning of the legal system. The full and accurate understanding of legal compliance criteria, which can be described as the measures within legal texts that determine under what conditions and how legal rules are applied, is one of the most important factors supporting this process. However, it is often observed that legal compliance criteria are expressed in a complex, indirect, or implicit manner within legal texts, making it difficult not only for non-experts but even for professionals to recognize and correctly understand them. Read more

Can Artificial Intelligence Assist in the Creation of Written Legal Rules?
For written legal rules to be correctly understood and applied by the broader public, they must be prepared in a consistent and meticulous manner in accordance with legal technique. This article will focus on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the creation of written legal rules. When creating written legal rules, the authorities responsible for drafting them must carefully examine and investigate whether they comply with legal technique, whether they contain rules that are consistent with their objectives, and whether they conflict with other written legal rules in force or with each other. Read more

Interpretation of Laws with the Assistance of Artificial Intelligence
The correct application of laws depends not only on their proper understanding but also on their accurate interpretation. Although legal interpretations are not binding, they are important because they serve as guidance for practitioners. The interpretation of laws, which can be described as the process of determining the meaning and scope of legal provisions, can be categorised in terms of purpose as follows: if the interpretation seeks to uncover the intention of the legislator during the lawmaking process, it is classical interpretation; if it considers the social purpose of the period in which it is applied, it is modern interpretation. Moreover, legal interpretation may also vary depending on the method employed. Read more

Auditing Legal Practices with the Help of Artificial Intelligence
Laws are indispensable for ensuring social order and justice. However, the complexity and obscurity of legal texts often make their correct application difficult. Another issue arising from this is that identifying errors and deficiencies in legal practice has become increasingly challenging. At this point, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies can play a role by making laws more comprehensible to the general public and enabling more effective monitoring of legal applications. Read more

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Resolving Legal Disputes
Legal disputes have always occupied an important place among the complex issues faced by individuals and institutions. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in resolving these disputes has the potential to make legal processes faster, more efficient, and fairer. First, AI can facilitate the process of filing applications for the resolution of legal disputes, reduce procedural errors at this stage, and help competent authorities intervene more quickly and reach resolutions. Read more

How Is Artificial Intelligence Learning the Laws?
In this article, we will briefly discuss how artificial intelligence (AI) learns rule-based texts such as legal provisions. In fact, teaching AI is not much different from teaching humans. The key difference is that humans learn through intuition, while AI learns through logical models. To teach a computer what a rule is, one must first define what qualifies as a “rule". Rules should be structured in such a way that when they are fulfilled, they yield the correct result, and when they are not fulfilled, they yield the incorrect one. Humans learn by seeing and testing; AI learns through examples. Read more